La importancia de la piel en la diabetes mellitus

La diabetes mellitus (DM) comprende un grupo de enfermedades metabólicas caracterizadas por hiperglucemia, resultado de defectos en la secreción o acción de la insulina o ambas’’. En el mundo se estima que existen 382 millones de personas con la enfermedad, la mayoría entre 40 y 59 años de edad, de los cuales el 46% no es consciente de padecerla. En México la DM ocupa el primer lugar en mortalidad y el 9.17% de la población se encuentra diagnosticada con la enfermedad, de los cuales únicamente el 25% se encuentran en control metabólico. Los estados con prevalencias más altas son: Distrito Federal, Nuevo León, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Durango y San Luis Potosí. En el Estado de México la prevalencia de diagnóstico médico previo de diabetes se ubicó por encima de la media nacional (9.2%).La diabetes mellitus (DM) es un importante problema de salud pública en México y en el mundo, ocasiona discapacidad, muerte prematura y gastos importantes debidos a sus complicaciones. En nuestro país, el 9.17% de la población padece DM, más del 30% de los pacientes presentan manifestaciones cutáneas al inicio de la enfermedad y hasta el 100% durante el curso de la misma, las cuales pueden sugerir el diagnóstico o alertar y prevenir diversas complicaciones. Las manifestaciones cutáneas más comunes en diabetes son la acantosis nigricans y dermopatía diabética, esta última es considerada un marcador importante de complicaciones crónicas

Protection against sexual violence in the Colombian legal framework: obstacles and consequences for women victims

Sexual violence is a type of gender-based violence (GBV), as it is one of the different types of violence that is exerted against women. Sexual violence infringes fundamental human rights, and denies women’s dignity and self-determination, personal development, and well-being. Despite international treaties and a regulatory framework that legally protects Colombian women against sexual violence, it is necessary to know the effectiveness of this regulatory framework in Colombia. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to examine criminal legislation on crimes of sexual violence in Colombia with a dual purpose: first, to analyze procedural guarantees for women victims of sexual violence; second, to determine obstacles for victims of sexual violence in accordance with the legal framework. We used a legal interpretation method to perform an analysis and interpret the law. The results found that, although sexual violence is considered a type of crime, procedural guarantees are not effective as victims encounter serious obstacles with negative consequences, such as the violation of fundamental human rights

Catalytic oxidation of emissions in combustion systems for forest biomass, using catalysts with TiO2 support

A study was made of the catalytic oxidation of a model mixture of effluents from forest biomass combustion equipment, consisting principally of methane (CH4), naphthalene (C10H8), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen-poor air (10% O2, balance N2), in a laboratory reactor, using MeOx/TiO2 catalysts (Me = Fe, Cu or Mn), prepared using incipient wetness impregnation. It was observed that the addition of metal oxides to the TiO2 increases catalytic activity in the combustion of all the contaminants present in the model effluent (CH 4, C10H8 and CO). The catalysts were characterised using the following techniques: SBET, XRD, DTG/DTA and TPD-NH 3; and from these it was observed that the support presented only the anatase phase in all the catalysts, despite having been subjected to temperatures in excess of 1.000 K during combustion. The highest acidity among all the solids tested, measured by TPD-NH3, was obtained for the FeOx/TiO2 catalysts, which were also those which showed the greatest catalytic activity. This high level of activity may be related to the formation of isolated metallic phases; i.e. hematite (Fe2O3), which would be the active phase in the combustion of C10H8 and CH4. On the other hand, with to respect to the 5 % wt. values of Me/TiO2 (Me: Fe, Cu y Mn) catalysts, the CuO/TiO2 catalyst shows greater activity than Fe2O3/TiO2 and MnOx/TiO2 for the oxidation of CO, which would be related to the formation of CuO on the TiO2 surface. The formation of mixed phases between the metals and the TiO2 was not observed. The SBET of the most active catalyst, Fe2O3/TiO2 (where Fe is 5% w/w in value), was not subject to any changes during the reaction

El Círculo Católico de San Martín Cid. Primeros pasos de la acción social católica en Zamora e implicación de los líderes carlistas en ella (1891-1912)

Para un mayor conocimiento del catolicismo social en España es preciso el estudio de las obras sociales concretas cuyo conocimiento es aún fragmentario. Con este artículo se presenta la repercusión que la doctrina social de la Iglesia tuvo en Zamora y se analiza uno de sus primeros proyectos: el Círculo Católico de san Martín Cid, fundado en 1891, que pasó de ser un centro de instrucción y recreo a convertirse en eje coordinador de otras iniciativas sociales. Asimismo, mostramos la implicación de los carlistas en los proyectos sociales de la Iglesia y la relación del catolicismo social con el movimiento obrero local.In order to have a better understanding of social Catholicism in Spain, it is necessary to study various social institutions, our knowledge of which is still fragmentary. This article presents the repercussions that the Social Doctrine of the Church had in Zamora and analyzes one of its first projects: the Catholic Circle of San Martín Cid, founded in 1891, which went from being a center of instruction and recreation to a place to promote other social initiatives. Similarly, we show the involvement of the Carlists in the social projects of the Church and the relationship between social Catholicism and the Labor Movement

Universal quantum computation by holonomic and nonlocal gates with imperfections

We present a nonlocal construction of universal gates by means of holonomic (geometric) quantum teleportation. The effect of the errors from imperfect control of the classical parameters, the looping variation of which builds up holonomic gates, is investigated. Additionally, the influence of quantum decoherence on holonomic teleportation used as a computational primitive is studied. Advantages of the holonomic implementation with respect to control errors and dissipation are presented.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, REVTEX, title changed, typos correcte

Análisis funcional y cinemático de la marcha en un paciente con lesión medular lumbar incompleta

Este estudio de investigación pretende analizar la evolución de la marcha en un paciente con lesión medular incompleta, tras ser sometido a un programa de entrenamiento de la marcha de forma asistida con soporte parcial del peso corporal con el sistema Lokomat®. Para ello se ha realizado una exploración física y funcional con las escalas de evaluación más utilizadas a éste nivel, conjuntamente con el análisis videográfico, permitiéndonos observar correlaciones entre los datos obtenidos en los apartados de pasos por minuto, velocidad y longitud de paso. Para poder corroborar estos datos, se ha realizado un estudio cinemático utilizando dos cámaras de alta definición, con una velocidad de filmación fijada en 100 imágenes por segundo, procesadas directamente a un ordenador, y realizando la Transformación de 2D a 3D, con el método Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) dado por el Performance Analysis System (APAS).The aim of this research study is to analyze the evolution of gait in a patient with incomplete lumbar spine injury, who was placed on an assisted gait training program with partial body-weight support using the Lokomat® system. A physical and functional assessment was carried out taking into account standard evaluation scales together with video analysis, which allowed us to observe correlations between the data collected for steps per minute, step speed and step length. To corroborate these data, a kinematic study was carried out using two high-resolution cameras with a shooting speed fixed at 100 images per second. Images were transferred directly to a computer and converted from 2D to 3D using the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) method in the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS).Peer Reviewe

Patchiness and Demographic Noise in Three Ecological Examples

Understanding the causes and effects of spatial aggregation is one of the most fundamental problems in ecology. Aggregation is an emergent phenomenon arising from the interactions between the individuals of the population, able to sense only -at most- local densities of their cohorts. Thus, taking into account the individual-level interactions and fluctuations is essential to reach a correct description of the population. Classic deterministic equations are suitable to describe some aspects of the population, but leave out features related to the stochasticity inherent to the discreteness of the individuals. Stochastic equations for the population do account for these fluctuation-generated effects by means of demographic noise terms but, owing to their complexity, they can be difficult (or, at times, impossible) to deal with. Even when they can be written in a simple form, they are still difficult to numerically integrate due to the presence of the "square-root" intrinsic noise. In this paper, we discuss a simple way to add the effect of demographic stochasticity to three classic, deterministic ecological examples where aggregation plays an important role. We study the resulting equations using a recently-introduced integration scheme especially devised to integrate numerically stochastic equations with demographic noise. Aimed at scrutinizing the ability of these stochastic examples to show aggregation, we find that the three systems not only show patchy configurations, but also undergo a phase transition belonging to the directed percolation universality class.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures. To appear in J. Stat. Phy